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Molar Mass Calculator

Type a chemical formula to get its molar mass, each element's share by mass, and how many moles a given mass is. Handles groups and hydrates.

Nearly every chemistry calculation that starts in grams runs through molar mass: the mass of one mole of a substance. Type a formula and this calculator adds up its atoms, shows each element’s share of the mass, and turns a mass in grams into moles.

How to Use It

  1. Type the Chemical Formula exactly as written, capitals included: H2O, Ca(OH)2, Al2(SO4)3.
  2. For a hydrate, add a period or a middle dot before the water: CuSO4.5H2O.
  3. Optionally enter a Mass in grams to convert it to moles.
  4. Press Calculate to see the molar mass and a table of each element’s atoms, mass and percent by mass.

How It Works

Molar mass is the sum, over every element, of its atom count times its atomic weight:

M=∑ni×AiM = \sum \vA{n_i} \times \vB{A_i}

A number after parentheses multiplies everything inside, and a hydrate’s leading number multiplies the water that follows. Moles come from dividing a mass by the molar mass:

n=mMn = \frac{\vC{m}}{M}

The atomic weights are IUPAC’s abridged standard values, such as H = 1.008 and O = 15.999.

Worked Example

Copper(II) sulfate pentahydrate, CuSO₄·5H₂O, has 1 Cu, 1 S, 9 O (4 + 5) and 10 H:

63.546+32.06+9(15.999)+10(1.008)=249.677 g/mol63.546 + 32.06 + 9(15.999) + 10(1.008) = 249.677 \text{ g/mol}

So 25 g of it is 25249.677≈0.1001 mol\frac{25}{249.677} \approx 0.1001 \text{ mol}.

Tips and Common Mistakes

  • Capitals matter. Co is cobalt; CO is carbon monoxide.
  • Multiply through parentheses. In Al₂(SO₄)₃, there are 3 sulfur and 12 oxygen atoms.
  • Don’t forget the water in a hydrate. Its mass is part of the compound you weigh out.
  • Molar mass and molecular weight are the same number, in g/mol and u respectively.
  • Round at the end. Keep full atomic weights until the final answer.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is molar mass?

The mass of one mole of a substance, in grams per mole (g/mol). It's the sum of the atomic weights of every atom in the formula.

How do I convert grams to moles?

Divide the mass by the molar mass. 36.03 g of water is 36.03 ÷ 18.015 = 2 mol. Enter a mass above to do it here.

How do I enter a hydrate?

Use a period or a middle dot before the water: CuSO4.5H2O or CuSO4·5H2O. The 5 multiplies everything after it.

Why does capitalization matter?

Every element symbol starts with a capital: Co is cobalt, but CO is carbon and oxygen. Type formulas exactly as written.

Where do the atomic weights come from?

The IUPAC/CIAAW abridged standard atomic weights, the values published for everyday calculation.

What is percent composition?

Each element's share of the total mass. Water is about 11.2% hydrogen and 88.8% oxygen by mass.

Sources

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